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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Zamilon-Virus</span></h1>
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<table cellpadding="2" class="infobox float-right taxobox" id="Vorlage_Infobox_Virus" style="max-width:300px;">
<tbody><tr>
<th>Zamilon-Virus
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td class="taxo-bild" style="font-size:smaller;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span>
<p><a href="Elektronenmikroskop" title="Elektronenmikroskop">Elektronenmikroskopische</a> Aufnahme einer <a href="Virusfabrik" class="mw-redirect" title="Virusfabrik">Virusfabrik</a> in einer <a href="Am%C3%B6be" title="Amöbe">Amöbe</a>,<br>die mit dem <b>Zamilon-Virus</b> (kleinen Partikeln) und „<i>Mont1-Virus</i>“ koinfiziert ist.<br>Pfeile zeigen abnormale „<i>Mont1</i>“-Viruspartikel (Maßstab: 0,1 <a href="Meter#Mikrometer" title="Meter">μm</a>)
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="Virus-Taxonomie" title="Virus-Taxonomie">Systematik</a>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<table class="toptextcells" style="width:100%;">
<tbody><tr>
<td><i><a href="Systematik_(Biologie)" title="Systematik (Biologie)">Klassifikation</a>:</i>
</td>
<td><a href="Viren" title="Viren">Viren</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="Realm_(Virologie)" title="Realm (Virologie)">Realm</a>:</i>
</td>
<td><i><a href="Varidnaviria" title="Varidnaviria">Varidnaviria</a><sup id="cite_ref-ICTV_MSL#35_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICTV_MSL#35-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="Reich_(Biologie)" title="Reich (Biologie)">Reich</a>:</i>
</td>
<td><i><a href="Bamfordvirae" title="Bamfordvirae">Bamfordvirae</a><sup id="cite_ref-ICTV_MSL#35_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICTV_MSL#35-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="Phylum" class="mw-redirect" title="Phylum">Phylum</a>:</i>
</td>
<td><i><a href="Preplasmiviricota" title="Preplasmiviricota">Preplasmiviricota</a><sup id="cite_ref-ICTV_MSL#35_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICTV_MSL#35-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="Klasse_(Biologie)" title="Klasse (Biologie)">Klasse</a>:</i>
</td>
<td><i><a href="Maveriviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Maveriviricetes">Maveriviricetes</a><sup id="cite_ref-ICTV_MSL#35_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICTV_MSL#35-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="Ordnung_(Biologie)" title="Ordnung (Biologie)">Ordnung</a>:</i>
</td>
<td><i>Mividavirales</i>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="Familie_(Biologie)" title="Familie (Biologie)">Familie</a>:</i>
</td>
<td><i>Sputniviroviridae</i>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="Gattung_(Biologie)" title="Gattung (Biologie)">Gattung</a>:</i>
</td>
<td><i><a href="Sputnikvirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sputnikvirus">Sputnikvirus</a></i>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="Art_(Biologie)" title="Art (Biologie)">Art</a>:</i>
</td>
<td><i>Sputnikvirus zamilonense</i>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="Art_(Biologie)" title="Art (Biologie)">Unterart</a>:</i>
</td>
<td>Zamilon virus
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th>Taxonomische Merkmale
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<table class="toptextcells" style="width:100%;">
<tbody><tr>
<td><a href="Genom" title="Genom">Genom</a>:
</td>
<td>dsDNA zirkulär
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Baltimore-Klassifikation" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore-Klassifikation">Baltimore</a>:
</td>
<td>Gruppe 1
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Kapsid" title="Kapsid">Symmetrie</a>:
</td>
<td>sphärisch
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="Nomenklatur_(Biologie)" title="Nomenklatur (Biologie)">Wissenschaftlicher Name</a>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td class="taxo-name"><span lang="en">Zamilon virus</span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th>Links
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<table class=" toptextcells" style="width:100%;">
<tbody><tr>
<td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="International_Committee_on_Taxonomy_of_Viruses" title="International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses">ICTV</a> Taxon History:</span>
</td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=201853750">201853750</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a> Taxonomy:
</td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=1932926">1932926</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a> Reference:
</td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/NC_022990">NC_022990</a>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>Das <b>Zamilon-Virus</b> (auch <b>Zamilon-Virophage</b>, <a href="Art_(Biologie)" title="Art (Biologie)">Spezies</a> <i><b>Sputnikvirus zamilonense</b></i>, früher <i><b>Mimivirus-dependent virus Zamilon</b></i>) ist ein kleines <a href="DNA" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA">DNA</a>-<a href="Viren" title="Viren">Virus</a>, das <a href="Protisten" title="Protisten">Protisten</a> infiziert und zur eigenen Replikation ein <a href="Helfervirus" title="Helfervirus">Helfervirus</a> benötigt. Bei dem 2013 in Tunesien entdeckten <i>Zamilon</i> handelt es sich also um eine Art <a href="Satellitenvirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellitenvirus">Satellitenvirus</a>, oft auch als <i><a href="Virophage" class="mw-redirect" title="Virophage">Virophage</a></i> klassifiziert.<sup id="cite_ref-Krupovic_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krupovic-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
<i>Zamilon</i> infiziert die Amöben der Gattung <i><a href="Acanthamoeba" title="Acanthamoeba">Acanthamoeba</a> polyphaga</i>. Er ähnelt sehr dem ersten entdeckten Virophagen, dem verwandten <i><a href="Sputnik-Virus" title="Sputnik-Virus">Sputnik-Virus</a></i> (gleiche Virengattung).
</p><p>Der Name <i>Zamilon</i> kommt aus dem Arabischen (<a href="Arabische_Sprache" title="Arabische Sprache">arabisch</a> <bdo dir="ltr"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="ar" class="arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate;font-size:120%;">زميل</bdi></bdo>, <a href="DIN_31635" title="DIN 31635">DMG</a> <i><span lang="ar-Latn" style="font-style:italic">zamīl</span></i> ‚Kollege, Nachbar‘).<sup id="cite_ref-Gaia_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Alle bekannten Virophagen sind assoziiert mit Helferviren der <a href="Nucleocytoviricota" title="Nucleocytoviricota">Riesenviren</a>-Familie der <i><a href="Mimiviridae" title="Mimiviridae">Mimiviridae</a></i>. <i>Zamilon</i> ist in seiner Auswahl an Hilfsviren eingeschränkt: Es ist innerhalb der <i>Mimiviridae</i> auf die <i><a href="Mimivirus" title="Mimivirus">Mimivirus</a></i>-ähnlichen Linien I B und I C angewiesen, Viren der Linie I A sind für <i>Zamilon</i> ohne Nutzen. Dies scheint an einem rudimentären Immunsystem (genannt MIMIVIRE, <span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal"><a href="Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache">englisch</a></span> <span lang="en-Latn" style="font-style:italic">mimivirus virophage resistance element</span>) der bezeichneten Helferviren der Linie I A zu liegen, das dem <a href="CRISPR-Cas" class="mw-redirect" title="CRISPR-Cas">CRISPR-Cas</a>-System ähnelt.<sup id="cite_ref-Mimivire_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mimivire-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
Siehe dazu auch Mougari et al. (2019), Fig. 5.<sup id="cite_ref-Mougari2019_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mougari2019-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Im Gegensatz zum <i>Sputnik</i>-Virophagen scheint <i>Zamilon</i> die Replikation seines Helfervirus nicht zu beeinträchtigen.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Entdeckung_und_verwandte_Virophagen">Entdeckung und verwandte Virophagen</h2></div>
<p><i>Zamilon</i> wurde 2013 in der <a href="Am%C3%B6be" title="Amöbe">Amöbe</a> <i><a href="Acanthamoeba" title="Acanthamoeba">Acanthamoeba</a> polyphaga</i> entdeckt, die mit dem aus einer tunesischen Bodenprobe isolierten <a href="NCLDV" class="mw-redirect" title="NCLDV">Riesenvirus</a> „<i><a href="Megavirus#Systematik" title="Megavirus">Mont1</a></i>“ (Gattung <i><a href="Mimivirus" title="Mimivirus">Mimivirus</a></i>, Linie C) koinfiziert war.<sup id="cite_ref-Krupovic_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krupovic-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gaia_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Boughalmi_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boughalmi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Im Jahr 2015 war Zamilon einer von drei Virophagen-Spezies, die physikalisch isoliert wurden (die beiden anderen sind das <a href="Sputnik-Virus" title="Sputnik-Virus">Sputnik-Virus</a> aus derselben Gattung und ein Vertreter aus der Gattung <i><a href="Mavirus" title="Mavirus">Mavirus</a></i>).
</p><p>Mehrere andere Virophagen-DNAs wurden mithilfe von <a href="Metagenomanalyse" class="mw-redirect" title="Metagenomanalyse">Metagenomanalyse</a> gefunden, jedoch bis dato nicht physikalisch isoliert.<sup id="cite_ref-Krupovic_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krupovic-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Yutin_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yutin-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
Ein verwandter Stamm innerhalb der <i>Zamilon</i>-Spezies namens Zamilon 2 wurde 2015 durch Metagenomanalyse eines nordamerikanischen Pappelholzschnitzel-<a href="Bioreaktor" title="Bioreaktor">Bioreaktors</a> entdeckt.<sup id="cite_ref-Bekliz_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bekliz-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ein anderer Virophage, <i>Rio Negro</i>, ist ebenfalls eng mit <i>Sputnik</i> verwandt.<sup id="cite_ref-Krupovic_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krupovic-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
Eine weitere verwandte Spezies(?) ist „<i>Zamilon vitis</i>“, das die Spezies „<i><a href="Megavirus" title="Megavirus">Megavirus vitis</a></i>“ parasitiert.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Systematik">Systematik</h2></div>
<p>Der <i>Zamilon</i>-Virophage wurde vom <a href="International_Committee_on_Taxonomy_of_Viruses" title="International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses">International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses</a> (ICTV) in die Spezies <i>Mimivirus-dependent virus Zamilon</i> der Gattung <i><a href="Sputnikvirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sputnikvirus">Sputnikvirus</a></i> in der Familie <i><a href="Lavidaviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavidaviridae">Lavidaviridae</a></i> eingeteilt.<sup id="cite_ref-Krupovic_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krupovic-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aufbau">Aufbau</h2></div>
<p>Die <i>Zamilon</i>-Viruspartikel (<a href="Virion" title="Virion">Virionen</a>) sind kugelförmig (sphärisch) mit einem Durchmesser von 50–60 <a href="Meter#nm" title="Meter">nm</a> und ähneln im Aussehen denen von <i>Sputnik</i> und <i>Mavirus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gaia_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
Das zirkuläre doppelsträngige DNA-<a href="Genom" title="Genom">Genom</a> ist 17.276 <a href="Basenpaar" title="Basenpaar">bp</a> lang.<sup id="cite_ref-Krupovic_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krupovic-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gaia_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Virophagen haben typischerweise Virionen mit einem Durchmesser im Bereich von 40–80 nm und eine Genomgröße im Bereich von 17–30 kbp.<sup id="cite_ref-Krupovic_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krupovic-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Der mit <i>Zamilon</i> am engsten verwandte Virophage ist <i>Sputnik</i>, mit dem er 76 % der Genomsequenz teilt, obwohl ein Teil der <i>Zamilon</i>-Sequenz im Vergleich zu <i>Sputnik</i> umgekehrt (revers) ist.<sup id="cite_ref-Krupovic_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krupovic-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gaia_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
Zamilons DNA ist reich an den Basen <a href="Adenin" title="Adenin">Adenin</a> und <a href="Thymin" title="Thymin">Thymin</a>, der <a href="GC-Gehalt" title="GC-Gehalt">GC-Anteil</a> beträgt nur 29,7 %.<sup id="cite_ref-Gaia_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p><span id="Offene_Leserahmen"></span>Die Analysen ergaben, dass das <i>Zamilon</i>-Genom 20 offene Leserahmen (<span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal"><a href="Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache">englisch</a></span> <span lang="en-Latn" style="font-style:italic">openreading frames</span>, ORFs) mit einer Länge zwischen 222 Basen und 2337 Basen enthalten sollte; es sollten also 20 <a href="Polypeptide" class="mw-redirect" title="Polypeptide">Polypeptide</a> <a href="Genetischer_Code" title="Genetischer Code">kodiert</a> werden. Von den 20 vorhergesagten Genprodukten ähneln 15 denen von <i>Sputnik</i>, drei ähneln denen des <i><a href="Mimivirus" title="Mimivirus">Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus</a></i> (APMV alias <i>Mimivirus</i> <i><a href="Sensu_stricto" class="mw-redirect" title="Sensu stricto">sensu stricto</a></i>: Gattung <i>Mimivirus</i> Linie A), zwei dem „<i><a href="Megavirus_chilensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Megavirus chilensis">Megavirus chilensis</a></i>“ (Gattung <i>Mimivirus</i> Linie C) und eines dem Transpoviron (einem <a href="Mobiles_genetisches_Element" title="Mobiles genetisches Element">mobilen genetischen Element</a> bei Riesenviren) von „<i><a href="Moumouvirus_Monve" class="mw-redirect" title="Moumouvirus Monve">Moumouvirus Monve</a></i>“ (alias „<i>Monve-Virus“</i>, Gattung <i>Mimivirus</i> Linie B).<sup id="cite_ref-NCBIMonve_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCBIMonve-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Ein <i>Zamilon</i>-ORF zeigt zusätzlich eine gewisse Ähnlichkeit mit „<i>Mavirus</i>“ und ein anderer mit „<a href="Organic-Lake-Virophage" title="Organic-Lake-Virophage"><i>Organic Lake</i>-Virophagen</a>“ und einem „<i>Phaeocystis globosa</i>-Virophagen“, beide sind eher mit Algen als mit Amöben assoziiert. Die verbleibenden zwei vorhergesagten Genprodukte zeigen eine begrenzte Ähnlichkeit mit anderen bekannten Proteinen. Mögliche Funktionen der Produkte umfassen <a href="Transposase" title="Transposase">Transposase</a>, <a href="Helicase" class="mw-redirect" title="Helicase">Helicase</a>, <a href="Integrase" title="Integrase">Integrase</a>, Cystein<a href="Protease" class="mw-redirect" title="Protease">protease</a>, <a href="Primase" title="Primase">Primase</a>/<a href="DNA-Polymerase" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA-Polymerase">DNA-Polymerase</a> und DNA-verpackende <a href="ATPase" class="mw-redirect" title="ATPase">ATPase</a>-Enzyme, Haupt- und Neben<a href="Kapsidprotein" class="mw-redirect" title="Kapsidprotein">kapsidproteine</a>, ein Strukturprotein und ein <a href="Kollagen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kollagen">kollagenähnliches</a> Protein.<sup id="cite_ref-Gaia_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gaia_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr class="hintergrundfarbe6">
<th>ORF<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</th>
<th>Aminosäuren
</th>
<th>mögliche Funktion
</th>
<th>Protein-Homologe
</th>
<th>Ähnlichkeit<br>(%)
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>1
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">111
</td>
<td>?
</td>
<td>none
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">–
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">73
</td>
<td>?
</td>
<td>none
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">–
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>3
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">135
</td>
<td>?
</td>
<td><i>Megavirus chilensis</i> mg3 gene product
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">67
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>4
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">221
</td>
<td><a href="Transposase" title="Transposase">Transposase</a>
</td>
<td>Sputnik virophage 2 putative IS3 family transposase A protein
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">40
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>5
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">376
</td>
<td>Virionprotein
</td>
<td>Sputnik virophage 2 Virionprotein
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">66
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>6
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">609
</td>
<td><a href="Kapsid" title="Kapsid">Kapsidprotein</a>
</td>
<td>Sputnik virophage <a href="Kapsid" title="Kapsid">Kapsidprotein</a> V20
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">86
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>7
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">442
</td>
<td>?
</td>
<td>Sputnik virophage V21
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">70
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>8
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">81
</td>
<td>?
</td>
<td><i>Moumouvirus Monve</i> vermutetes Protein tv_L8
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">72
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>9
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">778
</td>
<td>Helicase
</td>
<td>Sputnik virophage V13
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">67
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>10
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">168
</td>
<td>?
</td>
<td>Sputnik virophage V11
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">53
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>11
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">247
</td>
<td><a href="Integrase" title="Integrase">Integrase</a>
</td>
<td>Sputnik virophage V10
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">58
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>12
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">175
</td>
<td>?
</td>
<td>Sputnik virophage V9
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">77
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>13
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">184
</td>
<td><a href="Strukturprotein" title="Strukturprotein">Strukturprotein</a>
</td>
<td>Sputnik virophage V8
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">71
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>14
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">241
</td>
<td>?
</td>
<td>Sputnik virophage V7
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">80
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>15
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">305
</td>
<td><a href="Kollagen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kollagen">kollagenähnliches</a> Protein
</td>
<td>Sputnik virophage V6
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">75
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>16
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">121
</td>
<td>?
</td>
<td>Sputnik virophage V5
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">59
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>17
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">133
</td>
<td>?
</td>
<td>Sputnik virophage V4
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">55
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>18
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">245
</td>
<td>DNA-verpackende <a href="ATPase" class="mw-redirect" title="ATPase">ATPase</a>
</td>
<td>Sputnik virophage V3
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">81
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>19
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">147
</td>
<td>?
</td>
<td><i>Megavirus chilensis</i> Genprodukt mg664
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">50
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>20
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">147
</td>
<td>?
</td>
<td>Sputnik virophage V1
</td>
<td style="text-align:center">60
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>Interessanterweise wurde 2018 eine Gen-<a href="Homologie_(Biologie)" title="Homologie (Biologie)">Homologe</a> von <i>Sputnik</i> und <i>Zamilon</i> mit dem „<i><a href="Orpheovirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Orpheovirus">Orpheovirus</a></i>“ gefunden.<sup id="cite_ref-Andreani2018_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Andreani2018-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vermehrungszyklus_und_Helferviren">Vermehrungszyklus und Helferviren</h2></div>
<p>Wie alle anderen Virophagen repliziert sich Zamilon im <a href="Zytoplasma" class="mw-redirect" title="Zytoplasma">Zytoplasma</a> innerhalb der <a href="Virusfabrik" class="mw-redirect" title="Virusfabrik">Virusfabrik</a> seines Helfers, der als Wirt fungiert.<sup id="cite_ref-Gaia_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zamilon wurde zuerst in Verbindung mit dem <i>Mont1-Virus</i> isoliert, einem <a href="Mimivirus" title="Mimivirus">Mimivirus</a>-ähnlichen Vertreter der <i><a href="Mimiviridae" title="Mimiviridae">Mimiviridae</a></i>, der durch seine <a href="Polymerase" class="mw-redirect" title="Polymerase">Polymerase</a> B-Gensequenz in die <i>Mimiviridae</i>-Linie I C klassifiziert wurde. Anschließend wurde gezeigt, dass der Virophage in der Lage ist, sich auch in Verbindung mit <i><a href="Moumouvirus_Monve" class="mw-redirect" title="Moumouvirus Monve">Moumouvirus Monve</a></i> (<i>Monve-Virus</i>) und <i><a href="Acanthamoeba_polyphaga_Moumouvirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Acanthamoeba polyphaga Moumouvirus">Acanthamoeba polyphaga Moumouvirus</a></i> (APMoV)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> aus der <i>Mimiviridae</i>-Linie I B, sowie mit <i>Terra1</i> und <i>Courdo11</i> aus Linie I C zu replizieren. Es kann jedoch nicht in Verbindung mit <i>Mimivirus</i> oder <i><a href="Mamavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamavirus">Mamavirus</a></i> (beide Linie I A), repliziert werden.<sup id="cite_ref-Gaia_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hierin unterscheidet sich <i>Zamilon</i> von <i>Sputnik</i>, der sich in Verbindung mit einem <i>Mimivirus</i>-ähnlichen Mitglied der <i>Mimiviridae</i> replizieren kann.<sup id="cite_ref-Gaia_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Zamilon scheint weder die Replikationsfähigkeit seines Helfervirus zu signifikant hemmen, noch die durch die Helferviren schließlich herbeigeführte <a href="Lyse_(Biologie)" title="Lyse (Biologie)">Lyse</a> der Amöbenzellen-Wirte zu beeinträchtigen. Obwohl das Helfervirus in Gegenwart von Zamilon einen hohen Anteil an abnormalen Virionen bildete, wurden diese auch in Abwesenheit des Virophagen auf einem vergleichbaren Niveau beobachtet.<sup id="cite_ref-Gaia_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dies ist ebenfalls ein Unterschied zu <i>Sputnik</i>, der die Infektiosität seines Helfervirus merklich verringert, und dessen Lyse der Amöben hemmt und der mit der Erzeugung eines erhöhten Anteils an abnormalen <i>Mimiviridae</i>-Virionen verbunden ist.<sup id="cite_ref-Krupovic_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krupovic-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gaia_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bernard La Scola und Kollegen, die sowohl <i>Sputnik</i> als auch <i>Zamilon</i> isolierten, gaben an, dass dies, wenn es sich bestätigt, „das Konzept des Virophagen in Frage stellen würde“, da diesem im Unterschied zu anderen Satellitenviren die Annahme einer schädlichen Wirkung auf das Helfervirus zugrunde liegt.<sup id="cite_ref-Gaia_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_022990">Genbank accession no. NC_022990.1</a> NCBI</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viralzone.expasy.org/670">Sputnikvirus.</a> ViralZone, Expasy.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anmerkungen">Anmerkungen</h2></div>
<ol class="references" data-mw-group="Anm.">
<li id="cite_note-CC40-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CC40_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Das Material wurde von dieser Quelle kopiert, die unter einer <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> verfügbar ist.</span>
</li>
</ol>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-ICTV_MSL#35-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ICTV_MSL#35_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ICTV_MSL#35_1-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ICTV_MSL#35_1-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ICTV_MSL#35_1-3">d</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://talk.ictvonline.org/files/master-species-lists/m/msl/9601">ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1.</a> ICTV, New MSL including all taxa updates since the 2018b release, March 2020 (MSL #35)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Krupovic-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Krupovic_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Krupovic_2-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Krupovic_2-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Krupovic_2-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Krupovic_2-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Krupovic_2-5">f</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Krupovic_2-6">g</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Krupovic_2-7">h</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Krupovic_2-8">i</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">M Krupovic, JH Kuhn, MG Fischer: <cite style="font-style:italic">A classification system for virophages and satellite viruses</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Archives of Virology</cite>. 161. Jahrgang, 2016, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>233–47</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-015-2622-9">10.1007/s00705-015-2622-9</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26446887?dopt=Abstract">PMID 26446887</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Zamilon-Virus&rft.atitle=A+classification+system+for+virophages+and+satellite+viruses&rft.au=M+Krupovic%2C+JH+Kuhn%2C+MG+Fischer&rft.btitle=Archives+of+Virology&rft.date=2016&rft.doi=10.1007%2Fs00705-015-2622-9&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=233-47&rft.pmid=26446887&rft.volume=161.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Gaia-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Gaia_3-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Gaia_3-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Gaia_3-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Gaia_3-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Gaia_3-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Gaia_3-5">f</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Gaia_3-6">g</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Gaia_3-7">h</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Gaia_3-8">i</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Gaia_3-9">j</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Gaia_3-10">k</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Gaia_3-11">l</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Gaia_3-12">m</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Gaia_3-13">n</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">M Gaia, S Benamar, M Boughalmi, I Pagnier, O Croce, P Colson, D Raoult, B La Scola: <cite style="font-style:italic">Zamilon, a Novel Virophage with <i>Mimiviridae</i> Host Specificity</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="PLOS_ONE" title="PLOS ONE">PLOS ONE</a></cite>. 9. Jahrgang, 2014, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>e94923</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0094923">10.1371/journal.pone.0094923</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24747414?dopt=Abstract">PMID 24747414</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3991649/">PMC 3991649</a> (freier Volltext).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Zamilon-Virus&rft.atitle=Zamilon%2C+a+Novel+Virophage+with+Mimiviridae+Host+Specificity&rft.au=M+Gaia%2C+S+Benamar%2C+M+Boughalmi%2C+...&rft.btitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.date=2014&rft.doi=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0094923&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=e94923&rft.pmc=3991649&rft.pmid=24747414&rft.volume=9.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Mimivire-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Mimivire_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Anthony Levasseur, Meriem Bekliz, Eric Chabrière, Pierre Pontarotti, Bernard La Scola, Didier Raoult: <cite style="font-style:italic">MIMIVIRE is a defence system in mimivirus that confers resistance to virophage</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="Nature" title="Nature">Nature</a></cite>. 531. Jahrgang, 2016, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>249–252</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17146">10.1038/nature17146</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Zamilon-Virus&rft.atitle=MIMIVIRE+is+a+defence+system+in+mimivirus+that+confers+resistance+to+virophage&rft.au=Anthony+Levasseur%2C+Meriem+Bekliz%2C+Eric+Chabri%C3%A8re%2C+...&rft.btitle=Nature&rft.date=2016&rft.doi=10.1038%2Fnature17146&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=249-252&rft.volume=531.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ewen Callaway: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/news/crispr-like-immune-system-discovered-in-giant-virus-1.19462">CRISPR-like 'immune' system discovered in giant virus.</a> In: <i><a href="Nature" title="Nature">Nature</a>:News</i>, 29. Juni 2016</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Mougari2019-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mougari2019_6-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mougari2019_6-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Said Mougari, Dehia Sahmi-Bounsiar, Anthony Levasseur, Philippe Colson, Bernard La Scola: Virophages of Giant Viruses: An Update at Eleven. In: <i>Viruses</i>, Band 11 Nr. 8, Reihe <i>Viruses of Plants, Fungi and Protozoa </i>, 8. August 2019, 733, <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/v11080733" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.3390/v11080733">doi:10.3390/v11080733</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Boughalmi-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Boughalmi_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M Boughalmi, H Saadi, I Pagnier, P Colson, G Fournous, D Raoult, B La Scola: <cite style="font-style:italic">High-throughput isolation of giant viruses of the Mimiviridae and Marseilleviridae families in the Tunisian environment</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Environmental Microbiology</cite>. 15. Jahrgang, 2013, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>2000–2007</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.12068">10.1111/1462-2920.12068</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23298151?dopt=Abstract">PMID 23298151</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Zamilon-Virus&rft.atitle=High-throughput+isolation+of+giant+viruses+of+the+Mimiviridae+and+Marseilleviridae+families+in+the+Tunisian+environment&rft.au=M+Boughalmi%2C+H+Saadi%2C+I+Pagnier%2C+...&rft.btitle=Environmental+Microbiology&rft.date=2013&rft.doi=10.1111%2F1462-2920.12068&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=2000-2007&rft.pmid=23298151&rft.volume=15.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Yutin-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Yutin_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Natalya Yutin, Vladimir V. Kapitonov, <a href="Eugene_V._Koonin" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene V. Koonin">Eugene V. Koonin</a>: <cite style="font-style:italic">A new family of hybrid virophages from an animal gut metagenome</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Biology Direct</cite>. 10. Jahrgang, 2015, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>19</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s13062-015-0054-9">10.1186/s13062-015-0054-9</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Zamilon-Virus&rft.atitle=A+new+family+of+hybrid+virophages+from+an+animal+gut+metagenome&rft.au=Natalya+Yutin%2C+Vladimir+V.+Kapitonov%2C+Eugene+V.+Koonin&rft.btitle=Biology+Direct&rft.date=2015&rft.doi=10.1186%2Fs13062-015-0054-9&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=19&rft.volume=10.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Bekliz-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bekliz_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Bekliz, J. Verneau, S. Benamar, <a href="Didier_Raoult" title="Didier Raoult">Didier Raoult</a>, Bernard La Scola, Philippe Colson: <cite style="font-style:italic">A New Zamilon-like Virophage Partial Genome Assembled from a Bioreactor Metagenome</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Frontiers in Microbiology</cite>. 6. Jahrgang, 2015, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1308</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01308">10.3389/fmicb.2015.01308</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26640459?dopt=Abstract">PMID 26640459</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4661282/">PMC 4661282</a> (freier Volltext).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Zamilon-Virus&rft.atitle=A+New+Zamilon-like+Virophage+Partial+Genome+Assembled+from+a+Bioreactor+Metagenome&rft.au=M.+Bekliz%2C+J.+Verneau%2C+S.+Benamar%2C+...&rft.btitle=Frontiers+in+Microbiology&rft.date=2015&rft.doi=10.3389%2Ffmicb.2015.01308&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=1308&rft.pmc=4661282&rft.pmid=26640459&rft.volume=6.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sandra Jeudy, Lionel Bertaux, Jean-Marie Alempic, Audrey Lartigue, Matthieu Legendre, Lucid Belmudes, Sébastien Santini, Nadège Philippe, Laure Beucher, Emanuele G. Biondi, Sissel Juul, Daniel J. Turner, Yohann Couté, Jean-Michel Claverie, Chantal Abergel: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41396-019-0565-y"><i>Exploration of the propagation of transpovirons within Mimiviridae reveals a unique example of commensalism in the viral world</i>.</a> In: <i>The ISME Journal</i>, Band 14,S. 727–739,10 Dezember 2019. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-019-0565-y" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1038/s41396-019-0565-y">doi:10.1038/s41396-019-0565-y</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41396-019-0565-y">PDF</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-NCBIMonve-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NCBIMonve_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=1128131">Moumouvirus Monve.</a> NCBI</span>
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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">X Zhang, S Sun, Y Xiang, J Wong, T Klose, D Raoult, MG Rossmann: <cite style="font-style:italic">Structure of Sputnik, a virophage, at 3.5-Å resolution</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</a></cite>. 109. Jahrgang, 2012, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>18431–36</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1211702109">10.1073/pnas.1211702109</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23091035?dopt=Abstract">PMID 23091035</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3494952/">PMC 3494952</a> (freier Volltext) – (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/109/45/18431.full">pnas.org</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Zamilon-Virus&rft.atitle=Structure+of+Sputnik%2C+a+virophage%2C+at+3.5-%C3%85+resolution&rft.au=X+Zhang%2C+S+Sun%2C+Y+Xiang%2C+...&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.date=2012&rft.doi=10.1073%2Fpnas.1211702109&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=18431-36&rft.pmc=3494952&rft.pmid=23091035&rft.volume=109.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alle Daten von Gaia et al.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Andreani2018-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Andreani2018_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Julien Andreani, Jacques Y. B. Khalil, Emeline Baptiste, Issam Hasni, Caroline Michelle, Didier Raoult, Anthony Levasseur, Bernard La Scola: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02643/full"><i>Orpheovirus IHUMI-LCC2: A New Virus among the Giant Viruses</i>.</a> In: <i>Front. Microbiol.</i>, 22. Januar 2018, <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02643" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.02643">doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.02643</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genome.jp/virushostdb/1269028">Acanthamoeba polyphaga moumouvirus.</a> Virus-Host DB.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=1269028">Acanthamoeba polyphaga moumouvirus.</a> NCBI</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">S Aherfia, B La Scola, I Pagniera, D Raoult, P Colson: <cite style="font-style:italic">The expanding family <i>Marseilleviridae</i></cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Virology</cite>. 466–467. Jahrgang, 2014, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>27–37</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2014.07.014">10.1016/j.virol.2014.07.014</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25104553?dopt=Abstract">PMID 25104553</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0042682214003201/1-s2.0-S0042682214003201-main.pdf?_tid=1165821a-da94-11e5-9d8c-00000aab0f02&acdnat=1456276698_6ea3ff714898bec82fa598c132ee9d30">els-cdn.com</a> [PDF]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Zamilon-Virus&rft.atitle=The+expanding+family+Marseilleviridae&rft.au=S+Aherfia%2C+B+La+Scola%2C+I+Pagniera%2C+...&rft.btitle=Virology&rft.date=2014&rft.doi=10.1016%2Fj.virol.2014.07.014&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=27-37&rft.pmid=25104553&rft.volume=466-467.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
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